Nutrition Considerations for Microbiota Health in Diabetes

Recently, it has become accepted that the tiny microbial cells harbored by the human gut play a significant role in health and in certain disease states, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although many details remain unclear, new technologies have uncovered many of the physiological benefits the human microbiota provides the host. A healthy gut microbiota plays a role in health, but imbalances can become pathological, increasing inflammation and contributing to metabolic dysfunction. Diet plays a significant role in shaping the composition and function of the microbiota. Eating patterns high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes promote the abundance of healthier bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and other health-promoting metabolites. This article reviews the functions of the microbiota, how it is formed, and nutritional strategies to improve gut health.